Deviance in Sports Practice Test

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• Which statement best describes gambling-related corruption in sport?
• What defines organizational deviance in sport?
• Which outcome is a potential effect of deviance on an athlete's career prospects?
• From a functionalist perspective, sanctions and reintegration play what role in sport deviance?
• True or false: deviance can involve both underconformity and overconformity to norms in this framework?
• What is whistleblowing, and why is it important in sport deviance?
• How might doping regulations differentially affect amateur versus professional athletes?
• Which statement best reflects how the factors contributing to cheating scandals are presented?
• One reason it's difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it is grounded in what?
• How does a 'win-at-all-costs' culture contribute to deviance in sport?
• Which statement best illustrates organizational deviance in sport?
• How is deviance defined in the context of sport, and how does it differ from rule-bending?
• The constructionist approach to deviance is based on a combination of which theories?
• Which research methods are commonly used to study sport deviance?
• What is a common outcome of whistleblowing in sports organizations?
• How does routine activity theory help explain the occurrence of deviant acts in sport?
• To understand normative overconformity, researchers should examine the organization and dynamics of which sphere?
• What ethical considerations arise around performance-enhancing technologies in sport?
• The best starting point to control substance use in sports is to
• Which of the following best summarizes the research focus in the field, as described?
• Which description best fits athletes most prone to overconformity?
• When long-time professionals retire from full-time training and re-enter the ordinary world, they tend to
• What is point shaving and in which sport is it most commonly discussed?
• The recommended policy for controlling substance use includes
• What theory explains how athletes may turn to deviance due to unattainable success goals and blocked legitimate means?
• What does constructionist theory say about norms and deviance?
• How can fans influence the prevalence of deviance in sport?
• Why are anti-doping laboratories critical, and what risks exist to their legitimacy?
• A comprehensive approach to reducing substance use in sports would involve
• Which statement reflects the proposed organizational approach to reducing deviant overconformity?
• What is "micro-dosing" or "green doping" in sport?
• How can race influence deviance and its sanctioning in sport?
• The athletes most likely to overconform to the norms of the sport ethic are those who see achievements as their only way to get ahead and those who have
• Which three elements must converge according to Routine Activity Theory to produce deviant acts in sports?
• Sport programs designed as interventions for at-risk youth are seldom successful because they do what?
• How do cultural differences shape definitions of deviance in sport?
• Which statement best describes gamesmanship vs cheating?
• Which belief is NOT one of the core norms of the sport ethic?
• Why is winning important to long-time professional athletes?
• How do governing bodies detect match-fixing?
• Subcultural theory explains deviance in team sports by which mechanism?
• Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports results from
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a technology that aids detection of deviance in sport?
• According to an absolutist approach to studying deviance,
• What is a key idea of subcultural theory in sports?
• Which case study illustrates a coordinated doping program within a team culture, leading to outcomes such as lifetime bans and sponsor losses?
• What are some contemporary trends in sport deviance research?
• Which advanced technique is mentioned as part of doping detection alongside urine and blood tests?
• What role do coaches play in athlete deviance?
• How can whistleblowing help combat sport deviances?
• What legal consequences can hazing carry?
• On-the-field deviance such as cheating and dirty play are
• What term includes both written laws and unwritten customs and is used to identify deviance?
• What was the BALCO case, and why is it significant?
• What is the role of media in shaping public perceptions of sport deviance?
• What is a broader takeaway from major doping scandals about sport's credibility?
• From the material, long-time professionals' desire to stay in their sport is tied to their
• Distinguish between punitive and restorative sanctions in sport deviance management.
• Research indicates that athlete delinquency risk, when compared to peers with similar backgrounds, is generally what?
• When there is a collective sense of hubris on a team, it is likely that some athletes will
• How can sport violence be categorized and what sanctions are typically applied?
• Data presented in the chapter show that felony rates among NFL players are which of the following compared to comparable men in society?
• The overall stance on reducing doping emphasizes addressing
• What is a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)?
• If a team tolerates and promotes overconformity, what is a likely consequence for team culture?
• How do economic incentives contribute to deviance in professional sport?
• A common misconception about hazing in sport arises because hazing is which of the following?
• Social processes in elite power and performance sports lead groups of athletes to develop hubris and what consequence?
• What research methods are commonly used to study deviance in sport?
• How can cheating and rule-bending be distinguished in football or basketball?
• What best defines deviance in sport?
• How does 'moral panic' around sports deviance influence policy?
• What is the "athlete-as-ethical-agent" concept?
• Which of the following is an off-field violence scenario?
• Which factor can shape how much sanction is considered appropriate for a deviant act in sport?
• What influences the negotiation of normative boundaries in constructionist theory?
• How does the use of substances other than doping relate to sport deviance?
• In sport deviance research, ethnography primarily involves which approach?
• Describe Lance Armstrong’s doping scandal and its impact.
• According to the career model, moving from amateur to professional cycling involves training so intense as to cause
• What is out-of-competition testing, and why is it important?
• Which option best explains why gambling involvement by players is considered deviant?
• What is the primary purpose of sanctions and deterrence in anti-doping policy?
• The career model implies that moving from amateur to professional status in cycling is associated with
• What is the FIFA corruption scandal of the mid-2010s and its implications?
• Which statement about the role of education in anti-doping is correct?
• Which methodological approach involves studying social and cultural factors in sport contexts through observation and participation?
• Why is doping considered a public health issue?
• How do mental health and stress relate to deviant behavior in sport?
• Calciopoli (2006) illustrated corruption in football governance by:
• When athletes collectively overconform to the norms of the sport ethic, they may develop hubris, which leads them to see themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of the community. The hubris
• Gambling on sports is connected with which issue, as described in research and media reports?
• Which factors contribute to a doping culture in elite sport?
• Which approach treats deviance as a property of the person who engages in it?
• Athletes who engage in deviant underconformity are usually punished or cut from teams; athletes who engage in deviant overconformity are
• Which theory posits that deviant behavior is learned through association with others who approve or engage in it?
• Which scenario illustrates moral disengagement facilitating deviance in sport?
• What is the difference between formal sanctions and informal sanctions for sport deviance?
• Which group is most likely to support anti-doping campaigns led by WADA and USADA?
• How can education and moral development programs reduce sport deviance?
• When two college basketball players turn their back to the U.S. flag during the playing of the national anthem, they:
• What term refers to rules that govern behavior in social contexts but are not codified as laws?
• Research on sport participation and general delinquency shows that delinquency rates among athletes are which of the following?
• One consequence of the retirement transition, according to the model, is that athletes find normal life difficult because they are
• Hazings laws or policies vary in what ways?
• Identify the pairing that represents two common typologies of deviance in sport.
• In hazing penalties, which factor is most influential?
• From an absolutist perspective, deviants are defined by:
• In the context of match-fixing, what is the significance of suspicious communications and relationships?
• What factor most affects the deterrent value of coaching ethical codes?
• The sport ethic becomes a source of dangerous deviance in sports when
• The link between gambling on sports and match-fixing is described as which of the following?
• Which option is NOT typically considered an organizational-level strategy to prevent sport deviance?
• How does media representation influence perceptions of sport deviance?
• Which policy element is most closely associated with strong integrity governance and privacy-respecting testing?
• When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it, they often create a social world in which
• How does gamesmanship differ from cheating in sport?
• Why is it important for practice exams to include both theory and case-based questions on sport deviance?
• Under a constructionist view, deviance is defined as ideas, traits, and actions that?
• Which statement best describes sanctions for doping and match-fixing?
• Biological passport analytics are used in anti-doping testing to monitor athletes for signs of doping by analyzing biological markers over time. Which choice best captures this idea?
• Which element is least likely to be part of a rehabilitation plan after a doping violation?
• Which theory posits that stronger bonds to family, team, and community reduce deviant behavior?
• In high-performance sports, doping is viewed as
• Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires close examination of which aspect?
• In labeling theory, what is the role of others' reactions?
• Deviance involving overconformity is generally?
• In the context of deviance research, what is a consequence of sport-specific behaviors being acceptable within sport culture but deviant in broader society?
• Research on deviance in sports is limited because it focuses primarily on
• What is institutional corruption in sport?
• Distinguish between formal rule violations and unethical behavior that may not violate written rules.
• What is moral disengagement, and how does it facilitate sport deviance?
• Which term describes conformity to sport norms that becomes deviant due to excessive adherence?
• Which statement best reflects a holistic approach to preventing deviance in sport?
• Which method is commonly used to analyze media coverage of sport deviance and its public narratives?
• The sport ethic is linked to deviance in sports because athletes
• What is moral injury in sport, and how might it relate to deviance?
• Which of the following statements best reflects how deviance in sports is described in relation to the sport ethic?
• What does the author identify as the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports?
• Which statement best differentiates rule violation from deviance in sport?
• Which statement best describes the challenge of cross-context deviance classification?
• After reviewing research on academic cheating, the author notes that rates of cheating among athletes have which status?
• Hazings in sports are often confusing because hazing is described as which of the following?
• Why is gambling involvement by players considered deviant in sport?
• Doping controls are unlikely to succeed until
• What is a central ethical question about the use of new sports technologies in competitions?
• How does gendered and racial bias intersect with perceptions of deviance in sport?
• How can education programs reduce sport deviance?
• How do refereeing bias and officiating errors relate to deviance in sport?
• How can technology aid in detecting cheating or deviance in sport?
• How do anti-doping sanctions affect athletes' careers?
• Which statement best describes the role of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in sport?
• A reason that athletes may overconform to the norms of the sport ethic is because they
• When a basketball player dribbles the ball out of bounds during a game, she has:
• Which of the following best mitigates risk of deviant behavior in youth sport?
• Identify two common typologies of deviance in sport.
• What is the effect of ethical leadership on compliance in sport?
• Which best describes the difference between an Adverse Analytical Finding and an Atypical Finding in doping tests?
• What is WADA's primary role in anti-doping efforts?
• Which description best captures restorative sanctions in sport deviance management?
• Which outcome most directly follows effective whistleblowing in sport organizations?
• Which concept, according to the material, always involves a violation of a law?
• Anarchy is the social condition that exists when widespread underconformity creates general lawlessness. True or False?
• According to functionalist theory, deviance in sport is a normal part of society that helps clarify norms and reinforce values.
• How do ethical codes for coaches influence deviance in sport?
• Which are three consequences athletes may face for doping violations?
• Research on high rates of alcohol use and binge drinking in sports indicates what cultural link?
• How did the Russian doping scandal affect the Olympics?
• According to the absolutist approach, where is deviance located?
• What is a typical purpose of sanctions in sport deviance?
• Which future policy direction could strengthen integrity in sport?
• What is point shaving and how does it differ from match-fixing?
• Which statement best summarizes how education programs reduce sport deviance?
• Which of the following exemplifies hazing and why is it deviant?
• What is match-fixing and why does it threaten sport integrity?
• Which ethical issues are commonly associated with the use of performance-enhancing technologies in sport?
• The most effective way to control deviant overconformity is to which of the following?
• What organizational-level strategies can prevent sport deviance?
• The pattern of substance use in athletes is attributed to which principal cause?
• Which statement captures the connection between the sport ethic and athlete behavior?
• Define doping and give two broad categories of substances used.
• How do organizational culture and leadership influence deviance in sport?
• Which term describes actions that breach explicit rules?
• Which enforcement approach is suggested as most effective for reducing deviance in sport?
• What does Merton's strain theory say about sport deviancy?
• Masking agents are among the broad classes of performance-enhancing substances.
• To make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity, sport would have to be organized around a commitment to
• What does labeling theory suggest about athletes who commit deviant acts become stigmatized?
• Which statement best describes the distinction between formal norms and informal norms?
• What is the difference between compliance-based and integrity-based anti-doping policies?
• Which option lists the four broad classes of performance-enhancing substances?
• What role does social control theory play in understanding why some athletes engage in deviance?
• Which research theme includes athlete mental health considerations?
• Lance Armstrong's confession to using performance-enhancing substances caused fans to experience what psychological reaction?
• Which ethical frameworks are used to evaluate deviance in sport?
• In the Armstrong doping case, which organizational factor contributed to the scandal?
• What role do governing bodies play in preventing deviance?
• The author suggests that athletes engage in overconformity in sports because of their desire to
• Which statement best distinguishes on-field violence from off-field violence in sport?
• What term best describes how media frames incidents to influence public perception of athletes and officials?
• Why is the term "integrity" central to sport deviance discussions?
• In subcultural theory, what is a primary reason sports deviance may persist?
• What do digital detection methods in sport deviance research mainly involve?
• How do fans influence sport deviance?
• Research on normative overconformity suggests that understanding this form of deviance requires examining the organization and dynamics of which cultures?
• According to constructionist theory, are norms and deviance socially constructed through interaction?
• What is match fixing, and how can it manifest in team sport?
• Why is information on institutional corruption in sports scarce according to the material?
• How does differential association theory apply to sport deviance?
• What is a typical governance outcome after major corruption scandals in sport?
• Athletes today seem to engage in more sport-related deviance than athletes of the past because
• Which factor is NOT typically linked to a doping culture?
• How can deviance affect an athlete's identity and self-perception?
• What is a characteristic outcome of hubris within a sports team?
• Historical data suggests that most substance use and abuse among athletes is due to which factor?
• Constructionist approach assumes that most ideas, traits, and actions fall into a normally accepted range. True or False?
• Under absolutist theory, deviance is primarily located in what?
• Which of the following are common indicators of match-fixing?
• What is another reason it's difficult to study deviance in sports?
• What are some challenges in measuring the prevalence of deviance in sports?
• What is a typical outcome when fan violence escalates in sports?
• An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that:
• It has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic training today because:
• What role does governance reform play in preventing sport deviance?
• Deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that are subnormal. True or False?
• The career model argues that cyclists use drugs in order to
• What are major measurement challenges in studying sport deviance?
• What is a major problem when studying deviance in sports?
• The author describes the cheating scandals in major programs as reflecting four factors, which include
• Which statement about culture and deviance enforcement is most accurate?
• What is fan violence, and what impact does it have on sport?
• The material indicates that research on deviance in sports is guided largely by which focus?
• Which outcome is a direct result of punitive sanctions in sport deviance management?
• What is bystander intervention and how does it help reduce deviance in sport?
• Controlling deviant overconformity presents a unique challenge because which statement is true?
• How does gender influence perceptions of deviance in sport?
• Which statements describe two common methods used to detect doping?
• Which of the following is an example of a rehabilitation approach after a doping violation?
• Which of the following is a typical formal sanction in sport for deviance?
• Which action would most likely indicate a systemic form of organizational deviance in sport?